A recent study reveals significant health risks associated with “blesser” relationships in South Africa, where older, wealthier men provide financial support to younger women in exchange for sexual favors. This dynamic is linked to the country’s high levels of inequality and youth unemployment. According to research led by health economists and social scientists, these relationships often lead to severe consequences for young women’s health and wellbeing.
In South Africa, the term “blesser” has gained cultural traction, particularly among urban youth. It reflects a societal trend where young women seek financial stability and social status through relationships with older men. With South Africa noted as the most unequal nation globally, young women often view these partnerships as a means to access better lifestyles, including smartphones, clothing, and education funding.
The study, which analyzed data from over 3,000 sexually active adolescent girls and young women across eight provinces, found that nearly 6% had been or were currently in a relationship with a blesser. Additionally, over 25% reported relationships with age-disparate partners, defined as those more than five years their senior. While these figures may seem low, they equate to thousands of young women at risk.
Health Risks Associated with Blesser Relationships
The findings indicate that young women involved with blessers are significantly more susceptible to adverse health outcomes, including HIV infection, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), intimate partner violence, and unintended pregnancies. Notably, adolescent girls and young women in South Africa are twice as likely to be living with HIV compared to their male counterparts.
Various factors contribute to this disparity. The research highlights the influence of age and power imbalances, which often lead to a lack of agency for young women in these relationships. Financial dependence can hinder their ability to negotiate safe sex practices. As one participant noted, “When he says no condom, I can’t say no to him.”
Moreover, blessers often maintain multiple sexual relationships, increasing the likelihood of HIV transmission. Economic reliance traps these women in dangerous situations, as one young woman expressed, “I wanted to leave, but then who would pay my fees?”
Understanding the Broader Context
The phenomenon of blessers is entrenched in broader societal issues, including poverty and entrenched gender norms. Previous research has focused on localized aspects of these relationships, but this study provides a national perspective, underscoring the scale of the problem.
In 2023, young women aged 10–19 accounted for 12.1% of all births in South Africa, with a significant portion being unplanned. These unintended pregnancies disrupt educational opportunities and exacerbate existing inequalities.
The study advocates for urgent measures to address these challenges. It emphasizes the need for comprehensive sexual health education that empowers young women to understand their rights and navigate power dynamics. Creating economic opportunities is also critical to reducing dependence on blessers.
Moreover, fostering supportive communities and engaging men and families in discussions about gender norms is essential for creating an environment where young women can thrive without resorting to transactional relationships.
The research concludes that the challenges posed by blessers are not simply moral issues but reflect systemic inequalities that leave many young women with limited choices. As the authors note, “No young woman should be forced to choose between short-term security and long-term wellbeing.”
By addressing these multifaceted issues, society can work towards providing sustainable alternatives that prioritize the health and empowerment of young women in South Africa.
