Kelp species, such as Saccharina japonica and Undaria pinnatifida, are vital to the global economy, particularly in the food sector. However, rising seawater temperatures due to global warming are threatening these important resources. In response to this pressing challenge, a research team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences has developed a new breeding method to produce heat-resistant kelp cultivars, enhancing their adaptability to changing ocean conditions.
Innovative Breeding Techniques for Kelp
The study, led by Prof. Shan Tifeng from the Institute of Oceanology, focuses on triploid breeding, a method commonly used in terrestrial crops but seldom applied to seaweeds. The findings were published in the Journal of Phycology on November 19, 2025.
Previous attempts to create diploid gametophytes from heterozygous sporophytes through apospory faced hurdles due to the unpredictable nature of gametophyte sex. This variability hindered precise crossing needed for developing stable triploid lines. Prof. Shan identified this inconsistency as a significant technical barrier in kelp breeding.
To overcome this challenge, the research team employed a novel approach by utilizing doubled haploid (DH) population technology. They induced apospory in DH sporophytes of Undaria pinnatifida to generate homozygous diploid gametophytes. These were subsequently crossed with haploid gametophytes, leading to the successful creation of triploid sporophytes.
Results and Implications
The cultivation trials conducted at a seaweed farm demonstrated that the newly developed triploid hybrids outperformed traditional diploid cultivars. These hybrids exhibited faster growth rates, longer blades, and greater resistance to high temperatures and aging. Additionally, they displayed a notable sterility trait, making them more resilient in fluctuating environmental conditions.
“The triploid breeding method established in this study may also be applicable to other kelp species, as they share a similar life cycle,”
stated Prof. Shan. This insight suggests that the breeding method could have broader applications in kelp cultivation, potentially benefiting various species facing similar challenges.
The implications of this research extend beyond individual cultivars. By developing more robust and adaptable kelp varieties, the study aims to support the sustainable growth of the seaweed farming industry, which plays a crucial role in global food security and economic development. As climate change continues to impact marine ecosystems, such innovations will be essential in ensuring the resilience of vital resources like kelp.
For more detailed insights, refer to the work of Tifeng Shan et al published in the Journal of Phycology, which outlines their methodology and findings in depth.
